Open-minded vs Closed-minded

Fron Ray Dalio's Principles: Life and Work, p. 195-198:

  1. Closed-minded people don't want their ideas challenged. Open-minded people are more curious about why there is disagreement.
  2. Closed-minded people are more likely to make statements than ask questions. Open-minded people genuinely believe they could be wrong.
  3. Closed-minded people focus much more on being understood than on understanding others. Open-minded people always feel compelled to see things through other's eyes.
  4. Closed-minded people say things like "I could be wrong... but here's my opinion". Open-minded people know when to make statements and when to ask questions.
  5. Closed-minded people block others from speaking. Open-minded people are always more interested in listening than speaking; they encourage others to voice their views.
  6. Closed-minded people have trouble holding two thoughts simultaneously in their minds. Open-minded people can take in the thoughts of others without losing their ability to think well --they can hold two or more conflicting concepts in their minds and go back and forth between them to assess their relative merits.
  7. Closed-minded people lack a deep sense of humility. Open-minded people approach everything with a deep-seated fear that they may be wrong.
closed-minded, mindset, open-minded, ray-dalio

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